Adaptation options | CLARITY CSIS

Adaptation option	Effects	Co-benefits	Costs	Used in Showcases
Afforestation of slopes with drought-resistant	Applicable to Roads Vulnerability change landslide/infrastructure --	Improves stability of slope: ++ Air quality: ++ Biodiversity: ++	New: N/A Retroffiting: N/A Maintenance: N/A
Allow alternative routes in case of road closure	Applicable to Roads	Economic benefits: ++ Road management: ++ Social benefits: ++	New: N/A Retroffiting: N/A Maintenance: N/A
Alternative mixtures for bituminous pavements and surface courses	Applicable to Roads Vulnerability change heat/infrastructure --	Drainage: ++	New: N/A Retroffiting: N/A Maintenance: N/A
Bioswales	Applicable to Built open spaces Vegetation Local effects change heat hazard --- river flooding hazard --- Albedo = 0.16 Emissivity = 0.97 Runoff = 0.15 Surface temperature +27% Transmissivity = 1	Water quality: ++ Health impacts: ++ Air quality: + Biodiversity: +++	New: 152.50 €/m^2 Retroffiting: 183.44 €/m^2 Maintenance:	Vaughans Stream Corridor Wetlands + Bridge Kokkedal climate adaptation Bioswale at Cornell Plantations Vijay Transtech Factory K.J. Somaiya College for Information Technology Eco Quartier De Gare de Rungis Eco Quartier Clichy-Batignolles Bo01 Saint Kjeld's Kvarter, Tredje natur Hillside Eco Park Naturbad Riehen
Blinds	Applicable to Buildings	Aesthetic value: + Cost savings: +	New: 160.00 €/m^2 Retroffiting: 192.47 €/m^2 Maintenance:	Microlibrary Warak Kayu German School Madrid Bedales School Instituto BioCruces Nuevo Aulario en la Universidad Alioune Diop
Cool roofs - HIGH (SRI > 0,90) - Mineral membrane coated white reflex ultra	Applicable to Dense Urban Fabric Medium Urban Fabric Public, military and industrial units (INDUSTRIAL) Residential buildings, Low Urban Fabric area Local effects change heat hazard --- Albedo = 0.86 Emissivity = 0.90 Transmissivity = 1 Surface temperature +25% Runoff = 0.75	GHG emissions: ++ Health impacts: ++ Air quality: ++ Cost savings: ++	New: 4.55 €/m^2 Retroffiting: 5.47 €/m^2 Maintenance:
Cool roofs - LOW (SRI < 0,65) - Waterproof aluminum coated membrane	Applicable to Buildings Local effects change heat hazard --- Albedo = 0.45 Emissivity = 0.60 Surface temperature +65% Transmissivity = 1 Runoff = 0.75	GHG emissions: ++ Health impacts: ++ Air quality: ++ Cost savings: ++	New: 2.50 €/m^2 Retroffiting: 3.01 €/m^2 Maintenance:	Climate information on 1km scale over Stockholm High resolution modelling of Stockholm´s urban heat island and the impact of urbanization
Cool roofs - MEDIUM ( 0,65 < SRI < 0,90) - Mineral membrane reflex white	Applicable to Buildings Local effects change heat hazard --- Albedo = 0.66 Emissivity = 0.90 Transmissivity = 1 Surface temperature +31% Runoff = 0.75	GHG emissions: ++ Health impacts: ++ Air quality: ++ Cost savings: ++	New: 4.15 €/m^2 Retroffiting: 4.99 €/m^2 Maintenance:
De-icing agents that cause the least possible damage to pavements and the environment	Applicable to Roads	Economic benefits: ++ Lesser environment affection: ++ Road management: ++ Social benefits: ++	New: N/A Retroffiting: N/A Maintenance: N/A
Extensive Green Roofs	Applicable to Buildings Local effects change heat hazard --- river flooding hazard --- Albedo = 0.26 Emissivity = 0.96 Runoff = 0.35 Transmissivity = 1 Surface temperature +38%	Aesthetic value: ++ GHG emissions: +++ Property value: ++ Water quality: +++ Water collection and security: +++ Health impacts: ++ Air quality: +++ Cost savings: ++ Biodiversity: +++	New: 55.00 €/m^2 Retroffiting: 66.16 €/m^2 Maintenance:	Climate information on 1km scale over Stockholm High resolution modelling of Stockholm´s urban heat island and the impact of urbanization Zaryadye Park Keio University Eco Quartier Clichy-Batignolles Bo01 Dutch Pavilion IGA 2003